Electrodialysis

A two-stage electrodialysis (ED) method was used for lactic acid recovery. In the first step sodium lactate was concentrated with desalting electrodialysis using ion exchange membranes Ralex (Mega, Czech Republic). The second step was the electroconversion of sodium lactate to lactic acid by electro

Membrane separation processes were applied in the fumaric acid — L-malic acid bioconversion. Electrodialysis was found suitable to recover the free malic acid from its salt (malate), formed in the reaction. Moreover the electrodialytic separation method can be on-line connected to the biochemical pr

The removal of nickel ions from diluted solution using some ion-exchange resins (Dowex MSC-1, Purolite C 100E, KU 2-8 and Dowex HCR-S) was studied. The purification process involved the use of an electrodialysis-type cell in which the centre compartment was filled with a packed bed of ion-exchanger

In light of broad use of the electrodialysis (ED) processes, it has become crucial to minimize its operating costs. The total cost of the ED process consists of energy, investment and maintenance costs. Energy cost increases linearly with the current density while the investment cost decreases with

An optimization of the electrodialysis process and an estimation of its costs by the analysis of experimental results of model natrium chloride solutions was compared to the optimization and cost estimation made by using the convective-diffusion hydrodynamic model. A NaCl 0.02 M solution was desalin

Electrodialysis (ED) is applied in Japan for seawater concentrating to ca. TDS 200 followed by thermal concentration and salt crystallization. A partially desalinated water (ED diluate) is obtained at the same time. Its further desalination for potable water production may be considered to decrease

The share of electrodialysis in seawater desalination is very small in contrast to reverse osmosis. It is stated that ED may compete with RO in the range of feed water salinity up to 8–10 g/L only because ED desalination cost is proportional to the amount of salt, which must be carried through the m

The separation performance of K+ ions from KCl solution has been investigated by electrodialysis at constant voltage mode of operation as a function of flow rate and voltage scanned. TS-1-10 model electrodialysis equipment (Tokuyama) modified with rotameters was employed in experimental runs. The ef

This work deals with the selective demineralization of natural saltwaters by electrodialysis on specific membranes with the aim of preparing an “isotonic” water of blood plasma, i.e., of the same saline composition as blood, with potential applications in the field of health. Preliminary experiences

We have used electrodialysis for the separation of amino acids, mineral ions and sugars. It is an important problem at the last stages of biotechnological production of amino acids. We consider two effects that allow one to solve the problem of separations. The “barrier” effect makes it possible to