Desalination

The CSIRO Flagship Cluster project Advanced Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment is a collaboration of nine Australian Universities and the CSIRO looking at improving the energy efficiency of desalination of seawater using membrane processes. One of the initial aims of the cluster is to develop

A bench scale RO process simulator was operated in a batch concentration mode to determine the effects of product water recovery and feed water temperature on flux, rejection, and inorganic fouling by gypsum scale formation for simulated brackish water. As feed water temperature increased, salt reje

In winter in high-latitude oceans, there is a great amount of sea ice, which is being recognized as a new resource of fresh water. Different desalination methods including sea ice solid-state desalination and sea ice melt-water desalination were compared. In a centrifugal desalination experiment, ro

An aromatic polymide hollow fibre membrane designed for a reverse osmosis system of 35,000 ppm total dissolved solids in take water was subjected to a low salinity of around 3000 ppm. The applied pressure and feed water temperature were varied to study their effects on permeation and salt rejection.

An electrodialysis operation was performed to remove total dissolved solids (TDS) from polymer-flooding wastewater. The influence of flow rate and electrical potential on rate of TDS removal was studied during ! electrodialysis operation. Removal rate of the main ions in polymer-flooding wastewater

As a means of optimizing desalination processes, site-specificity in the determination of seawater quality conditions is a crucial point for improving the overall energy efficiency of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. To this end, field studies were carried out at 16 sampling sites along th

A membrane fouling index such as the silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI) is an important parameter in design and operation of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes for desalination. Nevertheless, SDI and MFI often fail to predict actual membrane foulin

The significance of dissolved organic matter (DOMs) in membrane fouling has been also increasingly noted in desalination plants using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Nevertheless, little information is available on the interactions between DOM and other foulants such as inorganic scale

Exergy analysis is a powerful tool to determine inefficiencies of a process and to evaluate the performance. The reverse osmosis (RO) plant of Al-Hussein thermal power station was analyzed thermodynamically using actual plant data. Exergy flow rates are evaluated throughout the plant. The rates of e

A simple and new effective electrochemical method was used prior to reverse osmosis for seawater desalination. The influences of three main factors in electrochemical methods—current density, operating time and sedimentation time on the efficiency of pretreatment—have been investigated. It was shown