Seawater

Prospects of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of Azov seawater and brackish water of the Berda River have been studied. It was shown that the efficiency of seawater desalination enhances with the increase of the ratio of retentate to permeate fluxes, operating pressure and temperature of feed water

Several copper-nickel based alloys commonly used as condenser and heat exchanger materials in desalination plants were evaluated against corrosion and deterioration. The evaluation against the corrosion and deterioration was conducted in a simulated pollution impact of the oil spill and oil fires in

The need for good-quality water in Cyprus continues to be the driving force for the use of reverse osmosis to desalinate brackish water and seawater for irrigation and potable use. Much work continues both to optimize the process designs for new plants and to refine the operation of existing ones. T

This paper traces the history of large-scale work-exchanger energy recovery systems from early concepts; the first seawater reverse osmosis application in 1975; through the present state of the art. Work-exchanger technology, while fairly simple in concept, has undergone a tremendous amount of evolu

The paper presents a global overview of the desalination of seawater. Lessons learned from success stories in the field are critically examined to indicate the potential of these initiatives to be treated as best practice initiatives for their possible applications in Mediterranean countries. Result

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) and the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) collaborated over the past 15 years in developing and adapting the seawater reverse osmosis (RO) technology to the Gulf seawater conditions (one and half time the salinity of open seas and large temperatu

It is known that power stations use seawater for condensation of steam from turbines. In this case the temperature of seawater in condensers increases by 10–20°C. A large quantity of heat is lost in condensers. The energy can be used for desalination of seawater in a plant, which includes a low temp

The multi-effect distillation (MED) process is the oldest process in desalination. References and patents have existed since 1840, more than 150 years ago. Vertical tubes, horizontal tubes and different types of submerged tubes have been commercialized and were used until 1960 when multi- stage flas

Among the desalination technologies available, reverse osmosis is currently considered as the most economical process. However, while RO membranes have been continuously improved over the years, they have had one major shortcoming; the susceptibility to fouling. Indeed, it appears that RO technology