Desalination

A thermoeconomic analysis of a cogenerative system with steam bleedings produced starting from the thermal energy recovered in a municipal solid waste thermovalorization plant is presented. The authors assume that the bled steam is used to feed a seawater multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant.

Membrane scaling is caused by the deposition of unsoluble salts as feedwater converted to brine, affectting the operation of seawater RO plants. Membrane scaling at the Dalian RO desalination plant was analyzed using Dalian seawater. Based on the characteristics of Dalian seawater, a new environment

Since environmental impacts of desalination processes are intrinsically related to system efficiency, per water-unit produced loads have constantly decreased over the past decades. However, some significant fouls remain. The example of Spain is punctually used throughout this paper, to illustrate th

The concept DESIRES® is presented as a floating, but moored, DESalting Island on Renewable multi-Energy Supply. It is estimated to produce 5–500 Mm3/y of high quality fresh water from seawater, at the costs of US$ 0.88– 1.32/m3. This is achieved by using: (a) an artificial, floating island 10–100 km

The production of demineralised water from drinking water by nanofiltration/membrane distillation system (NF/MD) has been investigated. The precipitation of CaCO3 on the membrane surface and a rapid flux decline was observed when tap water was used directly as a feed. The problem of scaling was elim

The desalination market has been continuously growing to augment conventional water resources in arid and semi-arid regions that are experiencing population growth, improvements in life-style, increased economic activity and increased contamination of existing water supplies. The introduction of des

The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process was applied for water desalination. The main objective was to study the heat and mass transfer of the process. The experiments were performed on a DCMD unit using a flatsheet PVDF membrane with a pore size of 0.22 µm. Feed solutions were aqueou

A purification process of making use of electret technology for efficient but cost effective deionization was discussed in this paper. Douglas MacGregor claimed that PTFE electret works as a means of ions separation for desalination due to the polarization of an electrolyte and ions migration under

This paper relates to the energetic and exergetic analysis of single-, double- and triple-effect distiller driven by solar energy. Energetic analysis makes it possible to define an applicable zone of operation according to the following criteria: water rejection limit to 50%, maximum salinity limit

This paper considers the optimal design and operation of electrodialysis (ED) desalination plants. In general an ED plant aims to produce potable water from a high salinity source, like brackish water or high salinity water. The system is modelled mathematically as mixed-integer non-linear programmi